{"ikmk_id":"8793","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Augustus","inventory_number":"00543","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.uni-freiburg.de\/permalink\/0\/ID8793","publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":49,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/49","publisher_name":"Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, Seminar f\u00fcr Alte Geschichte","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-2425","publisher_isil_short":"DE-2425","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-2425\/ID8793","legalBodyWeblink":"http:\/\/www.altegeschichte.uni-freiburg.de\/"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"49","owner_name":"Freiburg, Seminar f\u00fcr Alte Geschichte der Universit\u00e4t","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-2425","owner_isil_short":"DE-2425","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.uni-freiburg.de\/","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/49","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"715","nominal":"Cistophor","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/cistophorus","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4163972-8","info_de":"Als Cistophoren bezeichnet man eine Gruppe von Silberm\u00fcnzen im (Vergleich zur Tetradrachme reduzierten) Gewicht von 3 attischen Drachmen oder r\u00f6mischen Denaren zu etwa 12 g. Ihren Namen tragen sie nach dem Korb auf der Vorderseite, aus dem eine Schlange hervorkriecht (cista mystica). Sie wurden in Pergamon unter Eumenes II. f\u00fcr das pergamenische Reich als \u00fcberst\u00e4dtische W\u00e4hrung eingef\u00fchrt. 16 St\u00e4dte erhielten damals das Pr\u00e4gerecht f\u00fcr dieses Silbergeld. Kistophoren wurden \u00fcber das Ende des pergamenischen Reiches hinaus auch in der Provinz Asia durch die r\u00f6mischen Prokuratoren gepr\u00e4gt. Sp\u00e4ter sind auch M. Antonius, Augustus und andere r\u00f6mische Kaiser auf Cistophoren vertreten.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/nominal\/715"},"date_last":"2022-04-04 08:35:18","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/muenzstand\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"75","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/land\/75","country_name_de":"T\u00fcrkei","country_name_en":"Turkey","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/298795","ikmk_region_id":"381","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/381","region_name":"Asia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/asia","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"950","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/ort\/950","mint_name":"Pergamon","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/pergamum","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/321426"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"25-28 mm","die_axis":"1 h","weight":"11.96 g","accession":"","access_year":"1961","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/zugangsart\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":null,"avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"IMP IX TR PO V","image_description":"Kopf des Augustus nach r.","foto_date":"2017-07-09","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"11","photographer_name":"Johannes Eberhardt","photographer_gnd":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/115629715X","photographer_viaf":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/5876152451244806650000"},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.uni-freiburg.de\/image\/ID8793\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.uni-freiburg.de\/image\/ID8793\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.uni-freiburg.de\/image\/ID8793\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.uni-freiburg.de\/image\/ID8793\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1523451280,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. 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Photographs by Johannes Eberhardt."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"COM - ASIAE im Feld","image_description":"Hexastyler Tempel mit der Inschrift ROM ET AVGVST.","foto_date":"2017-07-09","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"11","photographer_name":"Johannes Eberhardt","photographer_gnd":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/115629715X","photographer_viaf":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/5876152451244806650000"},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.uni-freiburg.de\/image\/ID8793\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.uni-freiburg.de\/image\/ID8793\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.uni-freiburg.de\/image\/ID8793\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.uni-freiburg.de\/image\/ID8793\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1523451281,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Freiburg, Seminar f\u00fcr Alte Geschichte der Universit\u00e4t, ID8793. Aufnahme durch Johannes Eberhardt.","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Freiburg, Seminar f\u00fcr Alte Geschichte der Universit\u00e4t, ID8793. Photographs by Johannes Eberhardt."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"3","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Imperial period"},"literatur":"RIC I\u00b2 Nr. 506 (Pergamon, undatiert ca. 19-18 v. Chr.); RPC I Nr. 2219 (Pergamum, 19-18 v. Chr.).","comment":"","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"4","period_name":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","period_description":"30 v. - 283 n. Chr.","period_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/periode\/4"},"year_start":"-19","year_end":"-18","date_verbal":"ca. 19-18 v. 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Chr.","person_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/augustus","person_wikipedia_de_id":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Augustus","person_wikipedia_en_id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Augustus","corporation":"0","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/413"}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"53","keyword":"Architektur","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4002851-3","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300263552"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"25","keyword":"Kleinasien","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4085685-9","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300387727"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"31","keyword":"M\u00fcnzstand: Antike Herrscher","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"43","keyword":"Portr\u00e4ts","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4006627-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015637"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"7","keyword":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit, 1. Jh. v. Chr.-3. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7512142-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"14","timeline_item":"Augustus","description":"Als Gaius Iulius Caesar, der Octavianus genannte Adoptivsohn Caesars, 31 bzw. 30 v. Chr. erst bei Actium und anschlie\u00dfend in Alexandria aus den B\u00fcrgerkriegen der sp\u00e4ten Republik als Sieger hervorging und die alleinige Macht im R\u00f6mischen Reich errungen hatte, ordnete er das r\u00f6mische M\u00fcnzwesen neu. Goldm\u00fcnzen, zuvor nur in Krisensituationen verwendet, wurden zum festen Bestandteil der nunmehr trimetallischen W\u00e4hrung (Gold, Silber, Bronze). Das neue Herrschaftssystem erforderte neue Bilder, mit denen sich der Herrscher pr\u00e4sentierte. Einen weiteren Einschnitt bildete die Ernennung des Prinzeps zum \u201aAugustus\u2019, was \u201eder Erhabene\u201c bedeutet. Bis zu seinem Tod im Jahre 14 n. Chr. blieben ihm 41 Jahre, um das neue Herrschaftssystem zu etablieren. Gerade zu Beginn des neuen Herrschaftssystems, des Prinzipates, findet sich noch eine Vielzahl von ikonographischen Versuchen, die reizvolle und zum Teil schwer zu interpretierende Zeugnisse einer \u00dcbergangszeit sind.","year_from":"-30","year_until":"14","autor":"Weisser, Bernhard"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}